algorithm - definition. What is algorithm
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  • Alan Turing's statue at [[Bletchley Park]]
  • [[Ada Lovelace]]'s diagram from "note G", the first published computer algorithm
  • The example-diagram of Euclid's algorithm from T.L. Heath (1908), with more detail added. Euclid does not go beyond a third measuring and gives no numerical examples. Nicomachus gives the example of 49 and 21: "I subtract the less from the greater; 28 is left; then again I subtract from this the same 21 (for this is possible); 7 is left; I subtract this from 21, 14 is left; from which I again subtract 7 (for this is possible); 7 is left, but 7 cannot be subtracted from 7." Heath comments that "The last phrase is curious, but the meaning of it is obvious enough, as also the meaning of the phrase about ending 'at one and the same number'."(Heath 1908:300).
  • "Inelegant" is a translation of Knuth's version of the algorithm with a subtraction-based remainder-loop replacing his use of division (or a "modulus" instruction). Derived from Knuth 1973:2–4. Depending on the two numbers "Inelegant" may compute the g.c.d. in fewer steps than "Elegant".
  • 1=IF test THEN GOTO step xxx}}, shown as diamond), the unconditional GOTO (rectangle), various assignment operators (rectangle), and HALT (rectangle). Nesting of these structures inside assignment-blocks results in complex diagrams (cf. Tausworthe 1977:100, 114).
  • A graphical expression of Euclid's algorithm to find the greatest common divisor for 1599 and 650
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" highlight="1,5">
 1599 = 650×2 + 299
 650 = 299×2 + 52
 299 = 52×5 + 39
 52 = 39×1 + 13
 39 = 13×3 + 0</syntaxhighlight>

algorithm         
<algorithm, programming> A detailed sequence of actions to perform to accomplish some task. Named after the Iranian, Islamic mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and geographer, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. Technically, an algorithm must reach a result after a finite number of steps, thus ruling out brute force search methods for certain problems, though some might claim that brute force search was also a valid (generic) algorithm. The term is also used loosely for any sequence of actions (which may or may not terminate). {Paul E. Black's Dictionary of Algorithms, Data Structures, and Problems (http://nist.gov/dads/)}. (2002-02-05)
algorithm         
['alg?r??(?)m]
¦ noun a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
Derivatives
algorithmic adjective
algorithmically adverb
Origin
C17 (denoting the Arabic or decimal notation of numbers): var. of ME algorism, via OFr. from med. L. algorismus, Arab. al-?warizmi 'the man of ?warizm' (see algebra).
algorithm         
(algorithms)
An algorithm is a series of mathematical steps, especially in a computer programme, which will give you the answer to a particular kind of problem or question.
N-COUNT

ويكيبيديا

Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( (listen)) is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to divert the code execution through various routes (referred to as automated decision-making) and deduce valid inferences (referred to as automated reasoning), achieving automation eventually. Using human characteristics as descriptors of machines in metaphorical ways was already practiced by Alan Turing with terms such as "memory", "search" and "stimulus".

In contrast, a heuristic is an approach to problem solving that may not be fully specified or may not guarantee correct or optimal results, especially in problem domains where there is no well-defined correct or optimal result.

As an effective method, an algorithm can be expressed within a finite amount of space and time, and in a well-defined formal language for calculating a function. Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps empty), the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, proceeds through a finite number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing "output" and terminating at a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate random input.

أمثلة من مجموعة نصية لـ٪ 1
1. There is no logical sequence, no algorithm to achieve this.
2. DNA is a database, and a complex encrypted algorithm converts its instructions into molecular products.
3. Naturally, Karov won‘t discuss the mathematical algorithm underlying the software she developed.
4. The number was verified by a different computer system running a different algorithm.
5. Few customers have complained about this "fairness algorithm," according to Netflix CEO Reed Hastings.